Examined impact of gender and life-cycle stage on three components of work-family conflict using sample of 3,616 respondents. For men, levels of work-family conflict were moderately lower in each successive life-cycle stage. For women, levels were similar in two early life-cycle stages but were significantly lower in later life-cycle stage.…

The influence of sex and gender-role orientation on social support and coping with occupational stressors was examined through interviews with 19 male and 20 female managers who were matched for job level. It was hypothesized that instrumentality would be related to problem-focused coping, whereas expressivity would be related to coping by seeking…

Responses to a survey of 992 unionized postal workers in Canada revealed the effects of working conditions, nonwork roles, and personal characteristics on self-reports of depression, irritability, and psychophysiological symptoms. Males and females respond similarly to stressful jobs, although they report slightly higher levels of distress.…

The author studied sex differences in the work health association, using a sample of 442 employed men and 243 employed women residing in Israel. Lack of job satisfaction and higher stress were related to illness among men, whereas the effect of excessive work demands was more pronounced among women. (Author/CH)

A study of 169 Scottish and 163 Australian vocational teachers showed that those with practical interests deemed incongruent with the teaching environment and those with social interests deemed congruent did not differ significantly in terms of job stress and strain. Some gender differences in stress and strain were found. (SK)

Examines effects of gender and job on educators' perceptions of personal wellness (incorporating emotional, intellectual, environmental, physical, spiritual, and social dimensions), using data from an urban Canadian district. Although gender did not matter, job type did. Administrators were more positive about wellness than teachers or classified…

Although many modern occupations require employees to express particular types of emotions while doing their jobs, little empirical evidence exists about factors related to emotional behavior on the job. This study investigated the relationship between emotional displays (smiling, greeting, thanking, eye contact) of sales clerks and variables of…

Evaluated the effectiveness of parental leave as a social policy designed to eliminate the traditional, gender-based division of labor. Examined whether fathers' taking parental leave equalized women's and men's involvement in the labor market and in child care once the leave was over by analyzing 319 sets of Swedish parents. (Author/ABL)

Surveys employees (N=4,979) of an Australian state railway to determine self-reported employee alcohol use and the influence of work-related risk factors on this use. Examination of risk factors previously associated with work-related problem drinking showed that gender, nights away from home for work, job satisfaction, and availability of alcohol…

Written as a position statement on educational leadership, this article uses a heart metaphor to delineate a workable managerial framework. Leadership is at the heart of managing all educational levels. Leading is the educational lifeblood that guides and flows into planning, organizing, and monitoring teachers' work. (Contains 43 references.)…

Oral histories of retired Australian librarians show the sexual division of libraries from pre-1950s to the 1980s. Discussion includes the appeal of on-the-job training; public and private roles of women; the marriage bar; discrimination; lack of skill recognition; wage inequities; feminist resistance; sexual harassment; unions; and electronic…

Explores four women elementary principals' experiences with power in their working lives. Themes emerging through in-depth interviews included empowerment and positive, negative, and traditional power. These are discussed through three lenses: dominance, facilitation ("power through"), and "power with." All interviewees…

Examined sex-typed traits (instrumentality and expressiveness), the work environment (demands and interpersonal resources), and importance of stressor episodes as predictors of measures of coping (avoidance, problem reappraisal, and active problem solving) with 132 managers. Found women more likely to use avoidance and problem-reappraisal coping,…

Different gender cultures can create dilemmas for women in the workplace. Although mentoring can help address this problem, there are at least three different available mentoring models (the apprenticeship, the competency model, and the reflective practitioner). Examines definitions and grounds for choosing among mentoring alternatives.…

Reports on a broad-scale leadership and gender study, based on research on 400 principals in Victoria, Australia, between 1996-99. Although findings confirm previous claims concerning significant differences in female and male leaders' perceptions and beliefs, they acknowledge the importance of organizational cultures, value systems, and same-sex…