The present study examined the techniques that the elderly in North America and Portugal employ in coping with loneliness. The present study results indicated that cultural background does affect the manner in which the elderly cope with loneliness, particularly in their use of Reflection and acceptance, Distancing and denial, and Religion and…

A survey of 348 children aged 9-11 identified 184 victims of bullying. Girls felt less in control of frequent than infrequent bullying. More male than female victims felt in control. Victims of short-term bullying were significantly more likely than long-term victims to feel in control. (Contains 65 references.) (SK)

Examined parental coping strategies in dealing with infant death and explored whether discordant parental coping was associated with communication difficulties. Results from 27 couples who had experienced death of an infant revealed that mothers and fathers used similar coping strategies; mothers did use seeking social support, escape-avoidance…

Investigates the relationship between anxiety, fear, self-esteem, and coping strategies with children aged 7 to 12 (N=224) in Australia. Specially examines whether these changes were gender specific. Results indicated girls had consistently low levels of self-esteem, while boys showed decreases in anxiety and fear by age 12. By year 12, boys and…

Burnout and coping were investigated among 503 human service professionals in the United States and Israel. Americans reported feeling more burned out than Israelis; women more than men. Women used indirect and inactive coping strategies more than men and Americans more than Israelis, suggesting active-direct strategies are better defenses against…

Examined research involving over 3,000 adolescents from various cultures to determine problems typical of this developmental phase and ways of coping with normative demands. Found that adolescents' response to problems stemming from different developmental fields such as parents, peers, school, or future involved three main modes of coping: Active…

The influence of sex and gender-role orientation on social support and coping with occupational stressors was examined through interviews with 19 male and 20 female managers who were matched for job level. It was hypothesized that instrumentality would be related to problem-focused coping, whereas expressivity would be related to coping by seeking…

Investigated whether anxious children favor the processing of threatening or concern-related information. Tested 47 "high anxious" and "low anxious" children in stressful (medical center) and neutral (classroom) situations, and 50 such subjects in only non-stressful situations. Found that both high and low anxious children gave…

Tests the universal nature of stress and coping behavior among overseas college students in China and provides basic information towards understanding the problems that result from stress and coping which can best be defined in cultural terms. Results indicated that academic and interpersonal sources of stress were the most common Stressors…

Obtained data from 603 questionnaires and 60 interviews from male and female Italian adolescents on awareness of physical maturation, heterosexual relationships, motivation for early sexual experiences, and effects on personal identity. Found significant differences concerning sex and level of schooling with regard to elaboration of one's…

Reports the findings of a study that examined gender differences of local community drug prevention workers regarding client participation, coping and job satisfaction, and the correlation between them. Results and recommendations are discussed. (Author/GCP)

Investigates physical and verbal aggression among 396 children of 15-16 years. Boys were involved in peer-group fights more often than girls, and responded in an aggressive manner to fights between peers. Boys believed more often than girls that their peers considered physical aggression to be clever or smart. (RJC)

Compared decision coping patterns of Israeli (n=1,028) and Australian (n=428) high school students. Israelis scored higher than Australians on Self-Confidence as decision makers and Vigilance and lower on Evasive behavior in decision making. In both samples, males outscored girls on Self-Confidence as decision makers and on Complacency and scored…

Elicited spontaneous responses from, and administered modified form of Ways of Coping Checklist to 650 adolescents. Found clear differences between how boys and girls cope. Compared to boys, girls sought more social support, were more likely to focus on relationships, and employed more strategies related to hoping for the best and wishful…

Surveyed 1,684 secondary school students on stress and inhalant use. Classified inhalent users as abstainers, experimental, and regular users. Male abstainers exhibited lower mean stress scores than did males in other groups; female abstainers exhibited lower mean scores than did regular users but did not differ from experimental users. Suggests…