Describes various approaches to grammatical models, and develops a model to be used as a basis for language instruction methodology. (AM)

In advanced language classes, a panchronic approach drawing on and integrating traditional synchronic (descriptive) and diachronic (historical) viewpoints is recommended. This approach helps provide both contemporary and historical linguistic facts, gives perspective to all aspects of the language, and assures the development of educated and…

The problem of teaching the use of the verbs "ser" and "estar" in Spanish can be only partially addressed by current linguistic explanations. In the absence of rules that will enable the student to predict correct sentences using the verbs, the most effective teaching technique is to use a situational-functional approach providing students with…

Deals with English stress problems for Iraqis under three main headings: single-stressed words, double-stressed words, and unstressed syllables. While stress in Arabic is predictable, stress in English is not. The Iraqi will transfer native-language stress patterns to English. Errors cause miscommunication and are difficult to pinpoint. (PJM)