This study examined counselors' openness to discussing issues of race, ethnicity, and culture by setting (e.g., school, clinical mental health, and counselor trainee) using the Broaching Attitudes and Behavior Scale. School counselors and White counselors reported significantly higher mean scores on the "Avoidant" subscale, a measure of…

The purpose of this quantitative study was to investigate the relationship between professional counselors' general multicultural competence and negative attitudes held toward Arab Americans. Participants (N = 124) completed a survey, and a series of correlational, stepwise, and multiple regression analyses was conducted. Results indicated that…

A national survey of practicing school counselors (N = 755) revealed significant differences between participants' perceived multicultural competence based on the type of multicultural training received. Participants who took infused multicultural coursework had significantly higher mean scores in multicultural awareness, knowledge, and skills…

This study investigated the nature and extent of perceived multicultural counseling competence (MCC) of 508 professional counselors in Malaysia using a national survey approach. Differences in counselors' perceived MCC pertaining to gender, ethnicity, highest education, and multicultural training were examined. Results revealed 5 factors as…

The authors examined the associations between acculturation, supervisors' multicultural competence, and clinicians' self-efficacy in a sample of 153 immigrant therapists currently practicing in the United States. Participants completed a demographic questionnaire and 3 additional questionnaires that examined their levels of…

The continuum of broaching behavior is a conceptual framework explicating how counselors broach or have explicit discussions about racial, ethnic, and cultural factors with their clients during treatment (Day-Vines et al., 2007). Counselors can assume 5 particular broaching orientations: avoidant, isolating, continuing/incongruent,…

Domestic violence is often perceived to occur only in heterosexual relationships. However, domestic violence is also prevalent in same-sex relationships. The majority of the research indicates that counselors perceive same-sex domestic violence differently than heterosexual domestic violence. This literature review synthesizes the research…

Counselors from school and community practice, counseling students, and counselor educators (N = 468) participated in this study of competence to serve lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) clients. Participants reported high LGB-affirmative attitudes but lower knowledge and skills. School counselors reported significantly lower LGB competence than did…

Bias is a central concept in multicultural competency, but counseling research has largely ignored implicit bias. A review of bias research in counseling indicates that increased focus on implicit bias is warranted because counselors tend not to report explicit bias and have implicit bias that diverges from their self-reported attitudes. (Contains…

The author discusses the adherence of culturally sensitive treatment (CST) to evidence-based practice. CST is distinguished from empirically supported treatment. Therapists are advancing CST by designing and evaluating interventions and evolving their understanding of what makes CST work. (Contains 2 tables.)

Summarizes the need for cross-cultural counselors to identify themselves socially and culturally and to learn to respect cultural values and the importance of different societies. Discusses reasons, roles, and approaches of cross-cultural counseling in the newly evolving states of the Caribbean region. (ABL)

Identifies 10 of the most frequently encountered examples of cultural bias that consistently emerge in the literature about multicultural counseling and development. Assumptions are described in the areas of normal behavior, individualism, limits of academic disciplines, dependence on abstract words, independence, client support systems, linear…

In a random survey of counselors working with socioracial minority clients (N=256), multicultural ethical dilemmas were rated according to frequency encountered and significance. Comparisons of counselors' ratings of multicultural ethical dilemmas determined specific dilemmas relevant to counselors in various professional settings. (Contains 33…

Examines the underlying factors of the Association of Multicultural Counseling and Development's (AMCD) Multicultural Competencies. Surveys 151 professional counselors on items reflecting AMCD's multicultural competencies and Explanatory Statements. An exploratory factor analysis reveals five multicultural competencies factors: Awareness,…

Results of a survey of cross-racial supervision dyads at university counseling centers showed supervisees were more sensitive to cultural/racial issues than were supervisors; supervisors reported making more efforts to address cultural issues than supervisees perceived; and satisfaction with supervision was related to supervisees' self-disclosure…