With the increase of online language teaching the training needs of teachers have long been established and researched. However, the training needs of students have not yet been fully acknowledged. This paper focuses on learner training as preparation for language classes where online synchronous conferencing is used. It presents an action…

Due to increases in enrollment, hybrid course delivery models, in which part of the instruction happens online, have become a popular solution to financial and space problems. Yet, little is known about the institutional preparedness for the implementation of hybrid language courses, especially the students' computer literacy and access as well as…

In recent years, the range and complexity of both language learning technology and the environments in which learners utilize it have become more central factors in language education. Given the already stunning--and growing--number of technological options for language learning, teachers working with both established and emerging applications…