This article aimed to review the literature and examine and compare the effects of choral and individual responding. Six studies met inclusion criteria and were included in this review. Participants in the study comprise students with various disabilities, male and female, and between pre-K and 12th grade. Results indicate a generally positive…

Examines findings from a study of six elementary school cohorts designed to explore each cohort's attitudes toward reading, reading sources, and places at home where they read. Results indicate that the differences between boys and girls became progressively fewer as the age group increased. Implications for reading policy and practice are…

A study investigated stress experiences perceived by 244 dental students across all 4 years of the curriculum. Significant differences were found across all four classes. For male-female comparisons, significant differences were found on 17 questionnaire items, all perceived as more stressful by females. (GLR)

Uses a multidimensional approach to explore occupational gender type for 100 occupational titles. Occupational images were primarily structured on two orthogonal dimensions: prestige and gender type. Findings from a sample of 125 undergraduates support the multidimensional approach. Also, even though the prestige and gender-type factors were…

This paper discusses a study that assessed the attitudes of MBA (Masters of Business Administration) students across two cultures, Germany and the United States, toward entrepreneurship. Specifically, the paper examines the motives for and the reservations about going into business for oneself in these countries. It is hypothesized that attitudes…

Assessed traditional and nontraditional women's and men's perceptions of ideal people in terms of personality traits and physiques. Findings from 80 male and 80 female undergraduates show that both traditional and nontraditional males and females favored a mesomorphic body type for males, androgynous for females. Nontraditionalists preferred…

This report summarizes and compares four studies of reader response reported between 1975 and 1978. The studies include (1) "Five Readers Reading," by Norman Holland; (2) "Individual and Group Responses of Fourteen- and Fifteen-Year Olds," by Anthony Petrosky; (3) "Describing Responses to Works of Fiction," by Lee…

Examines how modeling, grade in school, gender, and attitudes toward women relate to sexist or nonsexist language usage in high school students. Analyses of questionnaire responses from 144 high school students reveal main effects for gender, year in school, and condition on nonsexist language use. Females used less sexist language than males, and…

Student-faculty contact is widely accepted as influencing retention within campus-based programs. The difficulties of implementing such contact within a distance learning environment magnify its importance as a topic for investigation. This study sought to evaluate the effect of faculty initiated contacts on student persistence within a large…

Determines what influence high school students' background characteristics have on their perceptions of teaching as a career. Responses from 800 students show few were interested in pursuing a teaching career, except Native Americans and African Americans; females valued teaching more than males; and the more senior the student became, the more…

This study examined whether individuals in higher education who are exposed to a hiring rationale based on a diversity value (minority group differences are valuable and should be relevant criteria for employment decisions in higher education) will rate affirmative action as fairer than those exposed to a compensation rationale (minority status is…

Evaluated the negative effect, fairness, and competence of Affirmative Action (AA) policies based on surveys from 235 college students. Results indicate that, although sex-based AA may result in certain social psychological costs for females, the same effect may not occur as a function of race. (GR)

This study compared doctoral students at three stages of their graduate career in the areas of relations with faculty, relations with peers, emphases of classes and other program experiences, personal gains due to the program, and attitudes toward the program. A sample of 596 doctoral students at the University of Illinois (Chicago) were surveyed…

A three-part study conducted at a medium-sized, Christian comprehensive college in Michigan (Calvin College) examined the college choice process including why students apply but do not enroll, as well as the reasons why students enroll. Subjects consisted of: (1) those who made multiple inquiries and had multiple contacts with the college but did…

This study compared 4,594 student responses from three different surveys of incoming students at the University of South Florida (USF) with data from Florida's State University System (SUS) admissions files to determine what proportion of error occurs in the survey responses. Specifically, the study investigated the amount of measurement error in…