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Direct linkArianna Costantini; Arnold B. Bakker; Yuri S. Scharp – Educational Psychology Review, 2025
We use three studies to develop and validate the new concept of playful study design -- the cognitive-behavioral orientation towards study tasks with the aim to make these tasks more fun and/or more challenging. Based on play and proactive motivation theories, we propose that playful study design can be assessed by items indicating two dimensions:…
Descriptors: Play, Competition, Student Behavior, Well Being
