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The Etiology of Science Performance: Decreasing Heritability and Increasing Importance of the Shared Environment from 9 to 12 Years of Age
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Haworth, Claire M. A.; Dale, Philip S.; Plomin, Robert – Child Development, 2009
During childhood and adolescence, increases in heritability and decreases in shared environmental influences have typically been found for cognitive abilities. A sample of more than 2,500 pairs of twins from the Twins Early Development Study was used to investigate whether a similar pattern would be found for science performance from 9 to 12…
Descriptors: Twins, Etiology, Environmental Influences, Cognitive Ability
Biological and Cultural Diversity: The Legacy of Darwin for Development.
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Scarr, Sandra – Child Development, 1993
Posits that an evolutionary perspective can unite the study of the typical development for and individual variation within a species and that environments within the normal range for a species are required for species-normal development. Individual differences in children reared in normal environments arise primarily from genetic variation and…
Descriptors: Children, Cultural Differences, Definitions, Environment
The Inheritability of Identity: Children's Understanding of the Cultural Biology of Race.
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Hirschfeld, Lawrence A. – Child Development, 1995
Four experiments explored adults' and grade school children's beliefs about inheritability of racial identity. Found that older children and adults believed that mixed-race children possessed black racial features. Also found that children from an integrated school, regardless of race, expected mixed-race children to have intermediate racial…
Descriptors: Adults, Age Differences, Biological Influences, Blacks
Planar Asymmetry Tips the Phonological Playground and Environment Raises the Bar.
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Eckert, Mark A.; Lombardino, Linda J.; Leonard, Christiana M. – Child Development, 2001
Examined the contribution of biological and environmental variables to 11-year-olds' phonological development. Found that temporal lobe (planar) asymmetry, hand preference, family history of reading disability, and SES explained over half the variance in phonological and verbal performance, demonstrating a linear association between cerebral…
Descriptors: Biological Influences, Brain, Children, Environmental Influences
Human Behavioral Genetics, Scarr's Theory, and Her Views on Interventions: A Critical Review and Commentary on Their Implications for African American Children.
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Jackson, Jacquelyne Faye – Child Development, 1993
Key components of human behavioral genetics and Sandra Scarr's work of the past two decades are critically reviewed based on scholarship in animal neuropsychology and clinical and educational psychology. Scarr's opinion that interventions to enhance intellectual development are ineffectual for children from abuse- and neglect-free backgrounds is…
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Animal Behavior, Blacks, Children
The Average Expectable Environment Is Not Good Enough: A Response to Scarr.
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Baumrind, Diana – Child Development, 1993
Takes the position, contrary to that of Sandra Scarr, that the details of socialization patterns are crucial to an understanding of normal and deviant development. Research is cited to support the argument that better than adequate parenting optimizes the development of both normal and vulnerable children and that parents' belief in their own…
Descriptors: Children, Cognitive Development, Cultural Differences, Family Environment