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Direct linkJensen, Joseph N.; Hite, Steven J.; Hite, Julie M.; Randall, E. Vance – NASSP Bulletin, 2017
Standardized testing is an external control mechanism for K-12 public schools. Principals, nested between internal and external influences, must manage the tension created by testing's roles as both an internal improvement tool and as an external control mechanism. Five competing narratives, each shaped by author academic background, significantly…
Descriptors: Standardized Tests, Public Schools, Elementary Secondary Education, Influences
Katsiyannis, Antonis; Losinski, Mickey; Whitford, Denise K.; Counts, Jennifer – NASSP Bulletin, 2017
The use of aversives as a method for behavioral intervention in U.S. public schools has been a persistent concern and often subject to litigation, particularly among students with disabilities. The use of aversives (restraint, seclusion, and corporal punishment) have been supported in some cases due to their perceived necessity to keep children…
Descriptors: Negative Reinforcement, Special Education, Disabilities, Principals
