Reasoning and problem solving are both critical acts in mathematics learning. The author has met many teachers who tell her they would love to highlight them more but feel they cannot because of the pressures of content coverage, pacing guides, and district tests. In this article, she describes a teaching intervention that highlighted problem…

Inquiry-based instruction is a student-centered approach to teaching that focuses on active learning (Barron and Darling-Hammond 2008) in which students engage with "tasks that promote reasoning and problem solving" (NCTM 2014). Specifically, such tasks encourage a variety of solution strategies and stimulate use of the NCTM Process…

Teachers have found that engaging students in justification can help students deepen and retain mathematical knowledge, gain a greater sense of ownership over the material, and improve communication and representation skills (Staples, Bartlo, and Thanheiser 2012). Student engagement in a justification activity can also lead to more equitable…

In this article, the authors share an episode from an after-school program and focus on eight of the twenty-four urban, sixth-grade students who volunteered to work on mathematical problem solving. When students are given a supportive environment, open-ended tasks, and thoughtful teacher questioning, their reasoning can develop naturally. By…

This article describes an activity that incorporates 9 of the 10 National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM) Standards. Students explore a stacking garden containing multiple layers. The garden allows students to focus on finding the amount of border material needed and the amount of space available for planting. The problem balances the…