Background: In the dynamic landscape of higher education, innovation through gamification has emerged as a successful approach to enhance student learning and motivation. Archaeological studies have particularly benefited from innovative pedagogy, as traditional teaching methods often struggle to engage younger generations. Aims: To evaluate the…

Background: Generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) chatbots have shown great application potential and research value in the field of language learning, especially in second language acquisition (SLA). Objectives: This study aims to validate the value of GenAI chatbots for SLA and elucidate which moderating variables affect learning outcomes.…