Background: Deep versus surface knowledge is widely discussed by educational practitioners. A corresponding construct, levels of processing, has received extensive theoretical and empirical attention in learning science and psychology. In both arenas, lower levels of information and shallower levels of processing are predicted and generally…

This article explores qualitative differences in what is learned and described functional differences in the process of learning which gave rise to the qualitative differences in outcome. (Author/RK)

The present experiment was designed to seek further evidence concerning the possible role of retroactive interference in situations whereby students learn information made available in prose form. (Author)

Predicts that ill-established cerebral dominance, as indicated by the problems of cross-laterality, would be related both to a limitation in information processing "irrespective of the type of information" (probably manifesting itself even with relatively small amounts of information) and significantly to reading retardation. (Author/RK)

The production of informationally redundant choices in a selection concept attainment task was investigated in relation to age and intelligence, using 62 adolescents aged 12:7--15:6 drawn from the lower middle ability range of a comprehensive school. (Editor)