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Direct linkJordan S. Berne; Brian A. Jacob; Christina Weiland; Katharine O. Strunk – National Bureau of Economic Research, 2025
State laws that mandate in-grade retention for struggling readers are widespread in the U.S., covering 34% of public-school third graders in 2023-24. This study investigates the impacts of Michigan's third-grade reading law on subsequent test scores and school progress outcomes for the 2020-21 and 2021-22 third-grade cohorts. Using a regression…
Descriptors: Grade Repetition, Reading Difficulties, Public Schools, Grade 3
Download full textXiang, Zongping; Schweinhart, Lawrence J. – 2001
The Michigan School Readiness Program (MSRP), a state-initiated and state-funded preschool program, serves more than 20,000 four-year-olds identified as being at risk for school failure each year. A longitudinal evaluation followed 2 cohorts selected from 7 sites from kindergarten through Grade 3 for Cohort 1 and through Grade 2 for Cohort 2. Each…
Descriptors: Child Development, Early Childhood Education, Elementary School Students, Grade Repetition
