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Direct linkBalboni, Giulia; Perrucci, Vittore; Cacciamani, Stefano; Zumbo, Bruno D. – Distance Education, 2018
Creating a sense of community in online classes contributes to student retention and to their overall satisfaction with the course itself. This study aimed to develop a scale of sense of community of students attending online university courses. A series of ordinal exploratory factor analyses were conducted on data obtained from 839 students…
Descriptors: Likert Scales, Test Construction, Sense of Community, Online Courses
Michaelides, Michalis P. – Applied Measurement in Education, 2019
The Student Background survey administered along with achievement tests in studies of the International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement includes scales of student motivation, competence, and attitudes toward mathematics and science. The scales consist of positively- and negatively keyed items. The current research…
Descriptors: International Assessment, Achievement Tests, Mathematics Achievement, Mathematics Tests
Download full textLietz, Petra H.; Roche, Lawrence A. – 1996
This study investigates whether or not the factor structure of reading comprehension is invariant across large, nationally representative samples of 14-year-old students from four different countries. The data from French-speaking Belgium, Hungary, Italy, and the United States were collected as part of the Reading Literacy Study of 1990-91,…
Descriptors: Adolescents, Correlation, Databases, Factor Analysis
