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Direct linkXu, Lihua; Wubbena, Zane; Stewart, Trae – Journal of Educational Administration, 2016
Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to investigate the factor structure and the measurement invariance of the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ) across gender of K-12 school principals (n=6,317) in the USA. Design/methodology/approach: Nine first-order factor models and four second-order factor models were tested using confirmatory…
Descriptors: Leadership Styles, Questionnaires, Transformational Leadership, Factor Structure
Koo, Jin; Becker, Betsy Jane; Kim, Young-Suk – Language Testing, 2014
In this study, differential item functioning (DIF) trends were examined for English language learners (ELLs) versus non-ELL students in third and tenth grades on a large-scale reading assessment. To facilitate the analyses, a meta-analytic DIF technique was employed. The results revealed that items requiring knowledge of words and phrases in…
Descriptors: Test Bias, Reading Tests, English Language Learners, Native Speakers
