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Perrault, Paul; Winters, Marcus – Manhattan Institute for Policy Research, 2020
Most studies of test-based promotion policies focus on measuring the effect of retention (being left back) on later student outcomes, and the evidence is fairly mixed. However, test-based promotion policies do not only affect the students who are retained. Presumably, they also affect students and schools as they try to improve reading performance…
Descriptors: Student Promotion, Student Evaluation, Tests, Grade Repetition
Coash, Vicki; Watkins, Karen – National Middle School Association (NJ3), 2005
At Santa Maria Middle School in southwest Phoenix, Arizona, teachers have decided to maintain their relationships with their students by looping through sixth, seventh, and eighth grades. Here, they describe the results of the first three years of the program, discussing the development of their team's priorities and the strategies they embraced…
Descriptors: Educational Strategies, Teaching Methods, Looping (Teachers), Teacher Student Relationship

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