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Marjo Sirén; Sari Sulkunen – Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research, 2025
This study examined which aspects of critical literacy are focused on in the reading literacy assessment for the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2018 and what kinds of texts are related to the critical literacy items in the test. Based on theory-oriented qualitative content analysis, critical literacy items in PISA…
Descriptors: International Assessment, Achievement Tests, Foreign Countries, Secondary School Students
Russell W. Tytler; Martha C. Monroe; Chris Eames; Peta J. White – Research in Science Education, 2025
While the socio-ecological challenges of the Anthropocene are complex and interdisciplinary in nature, contemporary science is profoundly implicated in understanding and responding to them. The latest Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) Programme for International Student Development (PISA) 2025 Science Framework has…
Descriptors: Science Education, Climate, Barriers, Interdisciplinary Approach

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