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Download full textJoshua Goodman; Michael Hurwitz; R. Jisung Park; Jonathan Smith – Annenberg Institute for School Reform at Brown University, 2019
We demonstrate that heat inhibits learning and that school air-conditioning may mitigate this effect. Student fixed effects models using 10 million PSAT-retakers show hotter school days in years before the test reduce scores, with extreme heat being particularly damaging. Weekend and summer temperature has little impact, suggesting heat directly…
Descriptors: High School Students, Heat, Climate Control, Academic Achievement
Vilma Fermin – Wisconsin Policy Forum, 2025
Wisconsin school districts received more than $2 billion in one-time federal relief funds to address the effects of COVID-19 and boost student recovery and district finances. Early spending focused on educational technology to help students and schools adapt to virtual learning, while later spending focused on catching students up academically…
Descriptors: Emergency Programs, Federal Aid, Grants, COVID-19
