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Sternberg, Robert J. – Phi Delta Kappan, 2017
IQs increased by about 30 points in the 20th century. Part of this increase may have been the result of increased standardized testing because testing improves the skills on which students are tested. But although these practices may increase general intelligence, they may impede the development of creativity and wisdom. As a result, our society…
Descriptors: Intelligence Quotient, Intelligence Differences, Academic Achievement, Creativity
Powell, Pamela Jane – Phi Delta Kappan, 2010
School readiness is a quality that adults believe exists within the child, but it actually is an artifact of age-graded schools. Even in a single grade, there will be a one-year spread in ages and, therefore, in development. Instead of sorting children into those who are ready to learn and those who are not, schools should provide opportunities…
Descriptors: School Readiness, Learning Readiness, Grouping (Instructional Purposes), Educational Practices