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Direct linkLu, Yi – ProQuest LLC, 2012
Cross-national comparisons of responses to survey items are often affected by response style, particularly extreme response style (ERS). ERS varies across cultures, and has the potential to bias inferences in cross-national comparisons. For example, in both PISA and TIMSS assessments, it has been documented that when examined within countries,…
Descriptors: Item Response Theory, Attitude Measures, Response Style (Tests), Cultural Differences
