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Direct linkDuckworth, Angela L.; Quinn, Patrick D.; Tsukayama, Eli – Journal of Educational Psychology, 2012
The increasing prominence of standardized testing to assess student learning motivated the current investigation. We propose that standardized achievement test scores assess competencies determined more by intelligence than by self-control, whereas report card grades assess competencies determined more by self-control than by intelligence. In…
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Intelligence, Grades (Scholastic), Report Cards
