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Barrett, Karen Caplovitz; Fidler, Deborah J. – Journal of Intellectual & Developmental Disability, 2008
Background: There is concern that tongue protrusion may be maladaptive in individuals with Down syndrome (DS). However, tonguing and other self-manipulatory behaviours have been shown to contribute to emotion regulation in children without disabilities. Method: Sixty individuals with intellectual disability (40 with DS, 20 of mixed aetiology) and…
Descriptors: Down Syndrome, Psychological Patterns, Behavior Problems, Mental Retardation